Exception handling lets your program gracefully manage errors and unexpected situations, instead of crashing abruptly.

Basic exception handling structure:

The core structure of exception handling in Python involves try, except, else, and finally blocks.
try: # code that might raise exceptions except FirstException as e: # code to handle FirstException except SecondException as e: # code to handle SecondException except Exception as e: # code to handle any other exception else: # code to execute if no exception was raised finally: # code to execute no matter what (exception or not)

Basic exception handling example:

def divide(i, j): try: d = i / j except ZeroDivisionError as e: print(f'ZeroDivisionError: {e}') return None except TypeError as e: print(f'TypeError: {e}') return None else: print(d) return d finally: print('done') divide(2, 1) # correct division divide(2, 0) # zero division divide(2, 'a') # type error Output:
2.0 done ZeroDivisionError: division by zero done TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'int' and 'str' done

Failing silently:

try: i = 1 / 0 except ZeroDivisionError: pass # special statement that tells python to swallow the exception

Custom exception class example:

class CustomZeroDivisionError(ZeroDivisionError): """Custom exception for zero division errors.""" def __init__(self, message, dividend=None, divisor=None): super().__init__(message + f" | dividend:{dividend}, divisor:{divisor}") try: raise CustomZeroDivisionError('division by zero', 1, 0) except CustomZeroDivisionError as e: print(e) Output:
division by zero | dividend:1, divisor:0